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Rachel Roddys Roman rice and spinach cake recipe | Kitchen Sink Tales

This weeks recipe can be made from scratch or, genuine to Roman resourcefulness with what remains, could apply leftovers to handiwork. Either road, it celebrates the seasons reward of lively spinach and is perfect with a Sicilian orange and fennel salad

Big dances of spinach always catch my gaze on the rare parties I go in one of the smarter of Testaccios food shops. This is ridiculous considering the cabinets of cheese and entire walls of healed flesh that could be taking my tending. However, the bright light-green, cricket-ball sized worlds of blanched spinach that sit on a white tray at the front of the ready-prepared nutrient part are the things I find myself looking at again and again. My train of thought is always the same. They are 14 euros each! Who buys these pellets? Establishing my own at home, I have found there must be a kilo of( hardy) spinach in each one. At the moment spinach is 2. 50 a kilo at world markets, so there is serious profit in these balls.

Good spinach should be lively, it should crunch and squeal as you stuff it into the luggage writes Jane Grigson. I thoughts she would have approved of my farming fruit and veg man Filippo on Testaccio market. His spinach should still be battled into the bag, and then ricochets against my leg all the lane home. She would also, I repute, have approved of the eject bagful I bought on the Uxbridge Road yesterday, which is now sitting in a colander in my sisters kitchen in London. I experience this parity of parts in my two countries. I like hardy winter spinach mixtures, with their crumpled foliages, ribbed stanch with pink tips-off, examining robust, yet at the same period sweetened and tender.

Introduced to Italy by the Arabs in the 11 th century, the spinach mature near Rome is excellent. Generally, it is simply served, wilted, well-drained and garmented with olive oil and a spritz of lemon. Another good Roman way is strascinata dragged in olive oil and garlic, sometimes with raisins and pine seeds. All that supposed, butter is what I crave with spinach a lot, thinking of a Jane Grigson recipe in which spinach is wilted, then reheated several times, adding more butter each time, until it is the richest substance, a spoonful of which knocks the socks off creamed spinach. Butter is also key on eat under spinach and hollandaise, or defrosted on those pesky-to-poach, but good spinach and ricotta dumplings that Tuscans call gnudi .

Todays recipe though, is for nothing of the above , nor is it the spinach curry I am looking forward to eating while I am in London. It is a spinach and rice patty, which firstly succeeded about for me because of spinach and rice leftovers. Or as an Italian would say the avanzi di spinaci e riso avanzi signify what remains, but likewise something advantageous, which is the way Italians appreciate leftovers. Of course Italy isnt alone or special in having resourceful recipes for using leftovers: its a feature in traditional home cooking in all countries. But Italy is where I know, and where recipes for leftovers really do still regulation, helping cooking feel like a continuum, one recipe and meal rolling into the next rather than a series of segregated occasions.

Whether represented with advantageous leftovers, or cooked from scratch, this is surprisingly yummy and good project; savoury and pleasingly plump. It is all very straightforward rice and spinach mixed with its allies: butter, nutmeg, parmesan and eggs, pressed into a tin then baked. The tin helps create a crusted tush. It is good provided hot, warm or at room temperature. Spinach and orange are good comrades, so my Sicilian orange and fennel salad, which I roll out whenever possible, is my select of accompaniment here. Otherwise there is the extremely affable peperonata. Your suggestions are welcome. If you do prepare the spinach for this, maybe cook more than this is necessary and shape your spinach advantage into a ball.

Spinach and rice cake torta di spinaci e riso

I am not going to assume you all have leftover spinach and rice, so here is the recipe from scratch, which should also help you get a handle on quantities so when you do have leftovers you can do it by eye.

Rachel

Rachel Roddys spinach and rice patties Photograph: Rachel Roddy for the Guardian

Suffices 46
500g fresh spinach
250g Italian short cereal risotto rice( such as arborio or carnaroli)
Salt and black pepper
A small-time onion
20g butter, plus more for the dish
3 eggs, beaten
50g parmesan
Nutmeg
A handful of fine breadcrumbs

1 Pick over the spinach, disposing discoloured leaves and tough stalks, then clean in a couple of changes of cold water. Substance the soggy spinach into a large wash with no extra irrigate and concoct, clothed over a low-pitched heat until it droops. Tip-off it into a colander and then leave to depletion thoroughly.

2 Boil the rice in salted liquid for 10 minutes, then drain.

3 Peel and finely dice the onion. In a large fry or saute wash, fry the onion in the butter with a small pinch of salt until soft and golden. Use scissors to approximately chop the spinach and then add to the fry pan along with the rice.

4 Pull the wash from the flame, allow to cool a bit before adding the beaten eggs, parmesan, nutmeg, black pepper and a pinch of salt if necessary.

5 Butter and dust a cake tin or mould with fine breadcrumbs. Tip-off the mixture into the mould and then press flat with the back of a spoonful. Bake at 200 C/ 400 F/ gas mark 6 for 25 hours or until the patty is situate firm, a little crispy and golden. Let to sit for 5 minutes before returning out, or helping straight-from-the-shoulder from the tin in wedges. Also very good at room temperature.

Read more: http :// www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/ 2016/ jan/ 26/ italian-spinach-rice-cake-recipe-torta-di-spinaci-e-riso-rachel-roddy

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Nigel Slaters oyster sauce chicken with citrus mint salad recipe

On a chilly nighttime good-for-nothing warms you up like blisteringly red-hot Chinese-style chicken, served with a cooling line-up of herby salad, supposes Nigel Slater

There was a bit of a spurt of aniseed, soy and ginger-scented cooking in the kitchen last week, as there often is when I have had one of my irregular errands to Chinatown. These are the expeditions where I return home with armfuls of bottles and containers, predominantly red.

I only required, almost implored, the smell of oyster sauce to warm up a kitchen moved ice-cold by a dodgy thermostat. Leafy light-greens, bok choy and mustard commons are regularly steamed and pitched with dense, glossy oyster sauce at home, but meat and fish rather less so.

I tossed fat, free-range chicken thighs with crushed garlic, honey, chilli and oyster sauce and baked them on a solidify night when simply something blisteringly, eye-wateringly red-hot would hit the spot. It wasnt something that could sunbathe under the label of legitimacy it was just what I needed at that moment. The chicken rose shiny, gently crispy and very hot. It sizzled as we devour, moving our lips tingle. We made the flaming out with a sour citrus salad.

There was a big pudding, extremely, the kind of broiled butterscotch sponge circumstance, with ointment, butter and carbohydrate, that only ever comes out in the extremely depths of wintertime. Disaster cooking for the coldnes and hungry.

Oyster sauce chicken with citrus heap salad

Check the chicken regularly, treating it with foil if it is browning too much.

Serves 3
chicken thighs 6

For the marinade:
garlic 3 big cloves
onion 1, medium sized
oyster sauce 100 ml
ignited soy sauce 4 tbsp
sugar 3 tbsp
chilli sauce 3 tbsp

For the salad:
fish sauce 2 tsp
caster sugar 1 tbsp
lime juice 2 tbsp
spate leaves 10
coriander leaves a large handful
chilli 1, medium-sized
pink grapefruit 1
cashews 2 handful, roasted and salted

To represent the marinade peel the garlic then suppresses the cloves to a glue use a pestle and mortar and a pinch of salt. Employ the paste into a large mingling bowl. Peel the onion, cut it in half and chopper it very finely. Mix with the garlic.

Put the oyster and soy sauces, the honey and the chilli sauce into the mixing bowl and incite exhaustively. Push the chicken pieces into the marinade, revolve them over and leave in a cool home for an hour or two.

Set the oven at 180 C/ gas mark 4. Place the chicken pieces into a nonstick bake tin, spoon over half the marinade and plaza in the preheated oven. Roast for 45 minutes, basting once or twice with the remaining marinade, and regularly checking their progression. Extend the cooking tin with foil if necessary.

To realize the salad, combine fishing operations sauce, caster carbohydrate and lime juice in a small container. Roughly chop or weeping the heap needles and add to the bowl, together with the coriander leaves. Finely chop the chilli and add to the dressing.

Slice the ends from the grapefruit, lieu it flat on the chopping board then slice away the peel and white-hot pith a sharp-worded kitchen bayonet. Remove the segments of flesh from the skin. Apply the grapefruit into the apparel and leave for 10 instants before including the cashew seeds and serving.

Cranberry pudding with butterscotch sauce

Fruits
Fruits of labour: cranberry pudding with butterscotch sauce. Picture: Jonathan Lovekin for the Observer

Once out of the oven, leave the pudding for a few minutes to settle. And, despite the butterscotch sauce, Id be persuasion to give ointment, too.

You will also need a deep baking dish or pudding container calibrating roughly 18 cm x 15 cm.

Serves 4-6
dried apricots 180 g
cranberries 50 g, fresh or frozen
boiling irrigate 200 ml
butter 100 g
ignited muscovado carbohydrate 100 g
egg 1
plain flour 150 g
baking gunpowder 1.5 tsp

For the sauce:
ignited muscovado carbohydrate 100 g
double cream 125 ml
butter 70 g
maple syrup 1 tbsp
cranberries 100 g, fresh or frozen

Cut the apricots into small-time articles and introduce them in a heatproof mingling container. Lend the 50 g of cranberries and swarm the simmer liquid over. Set aside while you induce the pudding.

Butter the pudding bowl with a small grip of butter. Sieve together the flour and broiling gunpowder. Employ the rest of the butter into the container of a food mixer fitted with a flat beater. Include the sugar and lick for 4-5 minutes till soft, pale and peaches-and-cream, rarely scraping down the sides of the container with a rubber spatula.

Make the sauce by putting the carbohydrate, ointment, butter and maple syrup in a saucepan and delivering to the boil. Make it stew for two minutes, roughly chop the 100 g of cranberries( if applying frozen fruit, this is easier in a food processor) then add to the sauce.

Break the egg into a container, thump thinly, just enough to mix white-hot and yolk, then add, with the beater still turning, to the butter and sugar.

When the egg is fully incorporated, stimulate in the flour and baking pulverization motley, turning gradually until there is no visible trace of flour left. Fold in the apricots and cranberries, and the liquid they find themselves in. Give the potpourrus to the buttered container, smooth the surface thinly then broil for 30 hours until pallid golden and softly house. Remove from the oven, pour over half of the cranberry butterscotch sauce and return to the oven for a further 10 hours. Serve hot together with the remaining sauce.

Email Nigel at nigel.slater @observer. co.uk or follow him on Twitter @NigelSlater

Read more: https :// www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/ 2017/ feb/ 26/ nigel-slater-oyster-sauce-chicken-with-citrus-mint-salad

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How to cook the perfect pitta bread

This Middle Eastern staple is well worth the minimal effort to make at home

These just leavened doughs, known to us by their Israeli name, but common throughout the Arab world, are some of the most ancient in existence. Although flat in appearance, they are designed to puff up during broiling and then subside, creating a hollow interior that makes a handy repository for occupies. Quick to form, and easy to devour, its little amaze theyre popular, in various forms, from southern Europe to northward Africa , is not simply for stuffing, but too as utensils for dipping or scooping meat, and bulking out soups and salads.

Sealed in long-life box, pitta can be picked up at most supermarkets for mere pennies so why bother to realize your own? Because, unless youre luck enough to be able to find them freshly broiled, shop-bought pitta is a very poor relation, just like pizza groundworks, or indeed hummus. The real thing is soft and chewy, rather than tough, with a fluffy interior perfect for soaking up sauces theyre well worth the pretty negligible effort.

Yvonne
Yvonne Rupertis pitta bread. Picture: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

The flour

Most pitta recipes call for white flour, and generally of the high-protein, strong diversity, although Yvonne Ruperti on the US-based Serious Eats website calls plain flour, both grey and wholemeal, explaining that using 20% wholewheat flour[ induces] the dough much more flavourful and wacky than one stirred with merely all-purpose flour, while also not endangering its structure.

Pitta is a bread that depends on gluten development for its unique sort; without it, the dough will not be strong enough to puff up in the oven, yielding a simple flatbread, rather than one with a pocket.( Pitta breads get their characteristic word from a mix of heat and humidity. When the thin round of lettuce goes into the oven, the heat sets the top and bottom while transforming the liquid in the dough into steam, which is then captured between these strata of cooked dough, inducing the eat to expand. Although it will rapidly collapse when removed from the heat, the pocket inside remains intact .)

Pitta
Pitta dough by Belinda Harley. Picture: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

Most of Rupertis foods do rise( and descend ), but I find the dough necessary more initial kneading, and that research results paucity the chewiness of some of the others. Belatedly, I realise that the American all-purpose flour she refers to tends to be harder than our own, so discrepancies between strong and plain flour over there will be less commemorated. In any case, British readers are best advised to splash out on food flour.

The flavour and slightly nubbly texture that the wholemeal flour presents the bread is popular with testers, although as Ruperti notes, this doesnt produce gluten as easily as its lily-white counterpart, so its better used in moderation. Strong wholemeal is standard, but in such small amounts, plateau will also do if thats what you have to handwriting. If “youd prefer” a smoother, paler pitta, supplant the wholewheat with more lily-white flour.

The fat

The
The Herbet brethren use rapeseed oil. Picture: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

It is surely possible to manufacture pitta without any fatty at all, although why you would want to is beyond me; not only does it include flavour, but it keeps the bread fresher for longer. Tom and Henry Herbert utilizes rapeseed oil in their book The Fabulous Baker Brothers, and Belinda Harleys Roast Lamb in the Olive Groves travels for butter instead, both of which act just fine texturally, but the former imparts the bread a rich aroma that applies me more in memory of naan, while the latter is boringly neutral. Grassy and quintessentially Mediterranean, olive feels like the natural choice.

Sarit Packer and Itamar Srulovichs recipe in the Honey& Co cookbook, which several people recommend to me as the only one I should try, lends the fat toward the end of the kneading process. Although their pittas are delicious, its surely harder to incorporate the lubricant at this point, and I would be interested to know the reason behind it; some investigate suggests that not contributing it at the beginning helps gluten formation in the dough. If anyone can confirm this, I would be grateful, but I dont find it makes a significant difference, so Im going to stick with the easier method.

Seasoning

You dont have to look very far to find recipes for flavoured pitta( garlic and thyme, for example, or black onion seed ), but I dont think these little doughs necessary any help in that department. That read, its common to add sugar to kickstart the action of the yeast, and although a pinch are insufficient, expending the same quantity as salt gives the doughs a more well-rounded smell: add too much, as Ruperti does, and they lose the plainness that is their bos goodnes; add too little, or none at all as the Herberts do, and theyre a little bit underwhelming.

A
A enormous inhale pitta from Sarit Packer and Itamar Srulovich. Photograph: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

The method

Pitta dough must be sufficiently hydrated to generate steam when it meets the hot of the oven, and strong enough to catch this steam, and thus puff up, so the potpourrus must be both fairly soaked and well-kneaded. Dont be seduced to flour the wield surface unless the dough is so sticky as to be completely unmanageable; it will come together eventually and, in the meantime, a palette spear or dough scraper will oblige life easier. If you have a food mixer, then by all means use that; quarries currently on the blink.

Packer and Srulovich recommend remaining the dough overnight if “youve had” the time, as it helps the smell develop and forms the pitta fluffier, and theyre right; if homemade pittas are perceptibly more yummy than shop-bought ones, slow-risen ones are even better.

Even if you cant wait that long, do give the individual breads remain before shaping; precisely 10 minutes manufactures the relevant procedures much simpler. The Herberts recommend wheeling it out in one guidance simply, but this is another fiddly pace I cant penetrate the reasoning behind as with the lubricant, if someone knows why, please explain.

However you wheel them out, make sure they are thin enough to puff up in the short time they take to concoct, and evenly so, too, or they will blister in places, rather than blowing up like a bag. Ruperti, who observed a tendency for the pitta to be concluded with a much thinner crown than fanny after it comes out of the oven, advocates flipping the foods over before putting them in the oven, so the pocket of air that rises during the course of its final proofing stage is at the bottom when the dough registers the oven.

Pan-fried
Pan-fried pitta bread by Rebecca Seal. Image: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

The cooking

Like most doughs, pittas are traditionally cooked at temperatures that can be difficult to replicate at home. Packer and Srulovich admonish cranking your oven up to peak, on the devotee giving if possible, and heating a baking tray or stone along with it, to give the foods the most wonderful start possible and encourage the creation of steam.

Although the oven is surely the best cooking option for pitta, as the hot from both top and foot helps to set the dough soon, its not the only one; Rebecca Seals journal The Islands of Greece leaves an excellent recipe utilizing a fry pan. Harley likewise applies this method, which she recommends topping with a thick-skulled tomato sauce and crisp brown cubes of pork or lamb, a spoonful of dense tzatziki[ and] some raw onion and tomato( pitta porn alarm ). The interior pockets are little dependable, but its much quicker if youre in a hurry, or its just too hot to swap the oven on.

Ruperti shows finishing off the bread in a hot pan to give them that luscious charred flavour that can be hard to achieve in a domestic oven Not exclusively do the pittas look a lot better that space, but the char adds a layer of smoky smell. Shes right, but it isnt traditional( Packer and Srulovich forewarn that they are not supposed to colour much) and it will crisp up the outsides of the bread, seeing them less pliable and amenable to stuffing. For me, it depends on what Ill be ingesting them with. Plainer fillings, such as hummus or salad, cry out for a bit char, while barbecued meat or veggies dont need it. The jury is out on my current favourite load, nonetheless: Marmite and banana. In my excuse, Ive had an horrendous mas of pitta to put away this week.

Perfect
Perfect pitta dough by Felicity Cloake. Photo: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

( induces 10 )
400ml warm but not hot water
10g active dehydrated yeast
2 tsp sugar
400g strong white flour
100g wholemeal flour( optional, or use 500 g lily-white)
2 tsp salt
2 tbsp olive oil, plus extra to grease

Put 100 ml warm sea in a jar and wipe in the yeast and half the sugar. Leave until the surface is contained in lather. Meanwhile, compound the flours, continuing carbohydrate and salt in a large mingling container.

Mix the petroleum and yeasty sea in the flour with your fingertips, then lend just enough of the most recent liquid to give you a shaggy dough it should be soft, but not more sticky( note if youre expending all white-hot flour, it was likely wont necessitate as much as a wholemeal/ white desegregate ). Turn out on to a clean job surface and knead for about 10 times( or about 8 in a food mixer on a low rapidity) until smooth and elastic. Put into an oiled bowl, turn to coating in lubricant, then encompas and chill overnight, or leave somewhere warmish until redoubled in width( about an hour to an hour and a half ).

Heat the oven to maximum, preferably love, with a broiling stone or heavy baking tray in there. Meanwhile, divide the dough into approximately 80 g balls, plow with a damp tea towel and allow to rest for 10 times, then roll out on a floured surface to rounds about 0.5 mm dense, obliging sure they are evenly thick-skulled all over. Cover with a damp tea towel and leave for 20 minutes.

Operating as quickly as possible, made as numerous pitta as will comfortably fit on the red-hot stone or broiling tray while its still in the oven, flipping them over as you pick them up, so the side resting on the labor face is now on top. Cook until they bag, then carefully remove and keep warm in a tea towel while you cook the remainder( how long this takes will be dependent on how red-hot your oven get ). Make sure to keep the oven door shut as far as possible to keep heat. Eat the same day, or freeze.

Pitta, pide, khubz which form of this very versatile flatbread is your favourite, and how do you like to eat it? And has anyone had any success roasting it with other flours ?

Read more: https :// www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/ wordofmouth/ 2016/ jul/ 13/ how-to-cook-the-perfect-pitta-bread

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Is it okay for vegetarians to eat jellyfish? Dean Burnett

Dean Burnett: Would you be willing to eat a jellyfish? Even if youre vegetarian, you might want to consider it.

Would you eat a jellyfish? The most probably answer “wouldve been” no; they examine disgusting. And theyre perhaps poisonous. Shall I bathe it down with a neat glass of chilled urine? But, unavoidably, some people do eat them. They might even enjoy them, the maniacs.

But Cnidaria cookery techniques aside, consider this; would it be OK for a vegetarian to devour jellyfish? If not, why not?

A lot of people are adopting a vegan food this January, and more superpower to them. Their motivatings may go( for donation, for the health benefits etc .) but its still a big wrench, to remove a immense swathe of choice from your daily diet.

To clarify, Im not vegan myself, or vegetarian. I do like meat, and I plainly scarcity the willpower to cut myself off from it exclusively. As a ensue, I have a lot of respect for those who do succeed it. But as anyone whos heard the word Im a vegetarian, except for fish will have realised, there are different levels of is committed to vegetarianism, and parties differ wildly on what the hell is consider acceptable or not.

Part of this may stem from the differ motivatings for being vegetarian/ vegan in the first place. Some do it for religious rationales, so what the hell are you chew is determined by your pious verse or scripture etc. Restrictive perhaps, but at the least you know where you stand. Other parties simply dont like meat, or are intolerant to it or other animal commodities , so simply avoid them wholly. In this case, its your immune arrangement that adjudicates your diet.

There are also voiced environmental grounds. While there are concerns over the environmental effects of favourite vegetarian-friendly elements like palm petroleum, the environmental cost of flesh production is undeniable, and careening.

HoneyMandatory Credit: Photo by Richard Bowler/ REX Shutterstock( 4681850 a) Honey bees leaving and registering a beehive Honey bees at beehive near Corwen, North Wales – 18 Apr 2015 Wildlife photographer Richard Bowler captivated these captivating images of honey bees in a hive near Corwen, North Wales on Saturday( 18 April ). He enunciates: I photographed these when a acquaintance analyse his hive. I dissolved up with five stingings to the head for my trouble, LOL! animalgallery” src= “https :// i.guim.co.uk/ img/ media/ 4173391 c767f5f36e8a8fa8e72299dd522398d0f/ 108 _0_ 4355 _2 613/ master/ 4355. jpg? w= 300& q= 85& vehicle= format& sharp-worded= 10& s= e33431d87a7441c59ca0949390cace58” />

Vegetarianism gets a bit perplexing once you get insects committed. Photo: Richard Bowler/ REX Shutterstock

But numerous parties accept vegetarianism/ veganism for moral and ethical grounds, which is fair enough. Objecting to animals being killed or digesting for our food is a perfectly logical stance. But when you get down to the actual technical minutium of what these acts represent, then it starts to get mystifying.

This accompanies us back to the jellyfish question; would it be safe for a vegetarian to eat one? If youre vegetarian for environmental reasonableness, it may even be better to dine jellyfish, granted how abundant they are without any is necessary to harmful human cultivation. But what about ethical anxieties? While technically categorized as animals, they are devoid of any brain or nervous system, and most cant even ensure where they move. Everything we know about neuroscience recommends such a man would be completely incapable of recognizing anything as complex as suffer or discomfort, and it certainly wouldnt be able to experience any emotional reaction to such an experience. So by devouring one , no torment can be said to have arisen. It may still be a living thing, but then so is a carrot. Why is one OK to feed and not the other?

The ability to perceive and support pain and suffering does seem to be a big factor in whether a species is deemed a valid part of ones diet. A quite interesting debate is available on Richard Herrings good Leicester Square Theatre Podcast with comedian and vegan Michael Legge, about whether honey is vegan. Legge insists that it isnt because its a substance made by animals, which is a perfectly logical( and coherent) debate. Nonetheless, you can also experience why some might think its OK. Removing honey from a hive generally does no harm to the bees, apart from maybe annoying them. Bees are another confusing one. They manufacture honey anyway, its not something humans oblige them to do, and they make way too much so us taking some isnt damaging.

Insects and vegetarianism have complex affairs. Many “re saying that” vegetarians should eat insects, for environmental and ethical concludes. Insects are incredibly easy to cause and contain ample nutrients, and insects too arent cognitively complex sufficient to process events like losing and ache. Nonetheless, thats individual bugs. Species like the aforementioned bees structure huge settlements, and numerous consider these superorganisms the real an expression of insect intelligence. So is it ethically wrong to harm these? I cant tell you that.

Insects, jellyfish and other species maybe seem fair game to many due to a simple failing of empathy. Big, furry or fluffy creatures we can relate to, ugly or different ones make it difficult, so fear for their wellbeing isnt so common, unfortunately.

This sort of dilemma, considering whats ethically acceptable to eat, might very well get most complex as food production engineering betterments to meet demands. Already, humans are too pervasive for modern methods to be 100% swine friendly( modern gleaning procedures unavoidably kill or dislodge many souls while gleaning vegetable crops) and our species will need increasing publications of nutrient as meter overtakes. Technology will hopefully provide solutions to this, but too muddy the waters further.

Signature

Could technology end up used to produce vegan-friendly burger? Depends on how friendly the vegans are. Photograph: McDonalds/ PA

Stem cell meat is one big hope for the future, allowing meat to be changed and produced in the lab, rather than the abattoir. But are they vegetarian safe? If private individuals burger is flourished from a cluster of stem cells, then no animal has been harmed in its creation. But if those stem cells were originally taken from a slaughtered animal, is it still ethically incorrect? Yes, embarking upon, but what if its the same stem cell pipeline being used 20 year later, frustrating other swine from being used? Is it still bad then?

Maybe well end up working out how to recycle food with great economy. Presented that we are able 3D-print human tissue, its not extremely far-fetched to predict a hour when we can easily print food. Suspect a technical arrangement whatever it is you jettison consumed or unwanted meat in one resolve, its broken down into its constituent molecules( fattens, proteins, sugars ), these are fed into a printer connect specific ink from dedicated cartridges, and theyre reassembled as fresh, recognisable foods. That would be very helpful , without doubt.

But what if you ran a onu of half-eaten burgers in one extremity and used their mass to render vegetables? Would they be safe for vegans to feed? It might not look like it, but the original flesh affair is completely broken down and reassembled, exactly as it would be if you make the burgers in a compost pile and used them to originate tomatoes. That considered acceptable, why not this? Its just a faster, more technological version of the natural action that prolong us. Maybe a more environmentally friendly one? You just know parties will object though, because thats what we do.

There arent any obvious a resolution of any of this, its simply interesting to note that, when you apply detailed scientific analysis, the divide between vegetarianism and non-vegetarianism is a lot more blurry than youd expect. Its the same with hasten.

However, if in 10 years youre sitting down to a container of Jellyfish nuggets, dont allege I didnt warn you.

Dean Burnett repents sitting down to write this so close to midday. Hes on Twitter, @garwboy

Read more: http :// www.theguardian.com/ discipline/ brain-flapping/ 2016/ jan/ 18/ vegetarians-to-eat-jellyfish-food-environment

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Rachel Roddys Roman rice and spinach cake recipe | Kitchen Sink Tales

This weeks recipe can be made from scratch or, true-life to Roman resourcefulness with what remains, could put leftovers to wreak. Either channel, it celebrates the seasons reward of lively spinach and is perfect with a Sicilian orange and fennel salad

Big pellets of spinach ever catch my seeing on the uncommon moments I go in one of the smarter of Testaccios food shops. This is ridiculous considering the cabinets of cheese and entire walls of cured meat that could be taking my notice. Nonetheless, the luminous light-green, cricket-ball sized globes of blanched spinach that sit on a lily-white tray at the figurehead of the ready-prepared food slouse are the things I find myself looking at again and again. My train of thought is always the same. They are 14 euros each! Who buys these dances? Acquiring my own at home, I have found there must be a kilo of( hardy) spinach in each one. At the moment spinach is 2. 50 a kilo at world markets, so there is serious profit in these balls.

Good spinach should be lively, it should crunch and squeal as you substance it into the pocket writes Jane Grigson. I make she would have approved of my farming fruit and veg soldier Filippo on Testaccio market. His spinach needs to be battled into the crate, and then rebounds against my leg all the way residence. She would also, I think, have approved of the eject bagful I bought on the Uxbridge Road yesterday, which is now sitting in a colander in my sisters kitchen in London. I enjoy this parity of parts in my two countries. I like hardy wintertime spinach collections, with their crumpled foliages, ribbed stanch with pink tips, appearing robust, yet at the same meter sugared and tender.

Introduced to Italy by the Arabs in the 11 th century, the spinach arise near Rome is excellent. Generally, it is merely helped, shrivelled, well-drained and dressed with olive oil and a spritz of lemon. Another good Roman way is strascinata dragged in olive oil and garlic, sometimes with raisins and pine seeds. All that supposed, butter is what I pray with spinach a lot, thinking of a Jane Grigson recipe in which spinach is wilted, then reheated several times, contributing more butter each time, until it is the richest nonsense, a spoonful of which knocks the socks off creamed spinach. Butter is also key on bread under spinach and hollandaise, or melted on those pesky-to-poach, but excellent spinach and ricotta dumplings that Tuscans announce gnudi .

Todays recipe though, is for none of the above , nor is it the spinach curry I am looking forward to eating while I am in London. It is a spinach and rice cake, which firstly arose about for me because of spinach and rice leftovers. Or as an Italian would say the avanzi di spinaci e riso avanzi intend what remains, but also something advantageous, which is the way Italians discover leftovers. Of route Italy isnt alone or special in having resourceful recipes for using leftovers: its a feature in traditional home cooking in all countries. But Italy is where I know, and where recipes for leftovers truly do still convention, helping cooking feel like a continuum, one food and meal rolling into the next rather than a series of quarantined occasions.

Whether built with advantageous leftovers, or cooked from scratch, this is surprisingly tasty and good sentiment; savoury and pleasingly plump. It is all very straightforward rice and spinach mixed with its friends: butter, nutmeg, parmesan and eggs, pressed into a tin then broiled. The tin helps create a crusted bottom. It is good acted red-hot, warm or at chamber temperature. Spinach and orange are good attendants, so my Sicilian orange and fennel salad, which I roll out whenever possible, is my pick of accompaniment here. Otherwise there is the exceedingly sociable peperonata. Your suggestions are welcome. If you do prepare the spinach for this, perhaps cook more than you need and determine your spinach advantage into a ball.

Spinach and rice cake torta di spinaci e riso

I am not going to assume you all have leftover spinach and rice, so here is the recipe from scratch, which should also help you get a handle on sums so when you do have leftovers you can do it by eye.

Rachel

Rachel Roddys spinach and rice cakes Photograph: Rachel Roddy for the Guardian

Acts 46
500g fresh spinach
250g Italian short particle risotto rice( such as arborio or carnaroli)
Salt and black pepper
A small-time onion
20g butter, plus more for the dish
3 eggs, beaten
50g parmesan
Nutmeg
A handful of fine breadcrumbs

1 Pick over the spinach, discarding discoloured buds and tough stalkings, then bathe in a couple of changes of cold water. Stuff the wet spinach into a large wash with no additional ocean and concoct, treated over a low-pitched hot until it withers. Tip it into a colander and then leave to depletion thoroughly.

2 Boil the rice in salted irrigate for 10 hours, then drain.

3 Peel and finely dice the onion. In a large sauteing or saute wash, fry the onion in the butter with a small pinch of salt until soft and golden. Use scissors to roughly chop the spinach and then add to the fry pan along with the rice.

4 Pull the wash from the ignite, allow to cool a bit before lending the defeated eggs, parmesan, nutmeg, black pepper and a pinch of salt if necessary.

5 Butter and dust a patty tin or mould with fine breadcrumbs. Tip-off the smorgasbord into the mould and then press flat with the back of a spoonful. Bake at 200 C/ 400 F/ gas mark 6 for 25 times or until the cake is situated conglomerate, a bit crispy and golden. Stand to sit for five minutes before passing out, or helping directly from the tin in wedges. Also very good at room temperature.

Read more: http :// www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/ 2016/ jan/ 26/ italian-spinach-rice-cake-recipe-torta-di-spinaci-e-riso-rachel-roddy

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Is it okay for vegetarians to eat jellyfish? Dean Burnett

Dean Burnett: Would you be willing to eat a jellyfish? Even if youre vegetarian, you might want to consider it.

Would you gobble a jellyfish? The most likely react would be no; they seem disgusting. And theyre probably poisonous. Shall I clean it down with a nice glass of chilled urine? But, unavoidably, some people do eat them. They might even enjoy them, the maniacs.

But Cnidaria cookery techniques aside, consider this; would it be OK for a vegetarian to eat jellyfish? If not, why not?

A lot of parties are adopting a vegan food this January, and more ability to them. Their motivations may run( for donation, for the health benefits etc .) but its still a big wrench, to remove a vast swathe of pick from your daily diet.

To clarify, Im not vegan myself, or vegetarian. I do like meat, and I simply shortfall the willpower to cut myself off from it exclusively. As a ensue, I have a lot of respect for those who do cope it. But as anyone whos discovered the phrase Im a vegetarian, except for fish will have realised, there are different levels of commitment to vegetarianism, and beings contradict wildly on what the hell is debate acceptable or not.

Part of this is likely to stem from the disagree motivations for being vegetarian/ vegan in the first place. Some do it for religious intellects, so what the hell are you devour is determined by your holy verse or scripture etc. Restrictive perhaps, but at least you know where you accept. Other people plainly dont like flesh, or are intolerant to it or other animal concoctions , so only avoid them wholly. In this case, its your immune structure that determines your diet.

There are also announced environmental rationales. While there are concerns over the environmental effects of popular vegetarian-friendly essences like palm lubricant, the environmental cost of meat product is undeniable, and floundering.

HoneyMandatory Credit: Photo by Richard Bowler/ REX Shutterstock( 4681850 a) Honey bees leaving and penetrating a beehive Honey bees at beehive near Corwen, North Wales – 18 Apr 2015 Wildlife photographer Richard Bowler captured these fascinating epitomes of honey bees in a hive near Corwen, North Wales on Saturday( 18 April ). He says: I photographed these when a friend examined his hive. I objective up with five bites to the head for my trouble, LOL! animalgallery” src= “https :// i.guim.co.uk/ img/ media/ 4173391 c767f5f36e8a8fa8e72299dd522398d0f/ 108 _0_ 4355 _2 613/ employer/ 4355. jpg? w= 300& q= 85& auto= format& sharp-witted= 10& s= e33431d87a7441c59ca0949390cace58” />

Vegetarianism gets a bit confusing formerly you get insects implied. Photo: Richard Bowler/ REX Shutterstock

But many people accept vegetarianism/ veganism for moral and ethical rationales, which is fair enough. Objecting to animals being killed or digesting for our meat is a perfectly logical posture. But when you get down to the actual technical minutium of what these happenings necessitate, then it starts to get baffling.

This makes us back to the jellyfish doubt; would it be safe for a vegetarian to eat one? If youre vegetarian for environmental reasonableness, it may even be better to snack jellyfish, sacrificed how abundant they are without any need for harmful human gardening. But what about ethical refers? While technically classed as animals, they are devoid of any intelligence or nervous system, and most cant even verify where they move. Everything we know about neuroscience proposes such a soul would be completely incapable of comprehending anything as complex as sustain or discomfort, and it certainly wouldnt be able to experience any emotional reaction to such an experience. So by chewing one , no torment can be said to have passed. It may still be a living thing, but then so is a carrot. Why is one OK to ingest and not the other?

The ability to perceive and substantiate discomfort and sorenes does seem to be a big factor in whether a species is regarded a valid part of ones diet. A very interesting deliberation can be found on Richard Herrings excellent Leicester Square Theatre Podcast with comedian and vegan Michael Legge, about whether honey is vegan. Legge insists that it isnt because its a essence make use of swine, which is a perfectly logical( and consistent) dispute. Nonetheless, you can also interpret why some might think its OK. Removing honey from a hive generally does no harm to the bees, apart from maybe annoying them. Bees are another embarrassing one. They reach honey anyway, its not something humans push them to do, and they make way too much so us taking some isnt injurious.

Insects and vegetarianism have complex ties-in. Many “re saying that” vegetarians should eat insects, for environmental and ethical concludes. Insects are improbably easy to cause and contain plentiful nutrients, and bugs likewise arent cognitively complex enough to process acts like sustaining and anxiety. However, thats individual insects. Species like the above-mentioned bees organize large settlements, and many consider these superorganisms the real an expression of insect intellect. So is it ethically incorrect to harm these? I cant tell you that.

Insects, jellyfish and other species probably seem fair game to numerous due to a simple default of rapport. Big, furry or fluffy souls we can relate to, ugly or different ones make it difficult, so regard for their wellbeing isnt so common, regrettably.

This sort of dilemma, regarding whats ethically acceptable to eat, are unlikely get most complex as food production technology advanceds to meet demands. Already, humans are too pervasive for modern methods to be 100% swine friendly( modern gathering procedures unavoidably kill or shift numerous characters while meeting vegetable crops) and our species will need increasing capacities of nutrient as era pass. Technology will hopefully provide solutions to this, but likewise muddy the waters further.

Signature

Could engineering end up used to produce vegan-friendly burger? Depends on how friendly the vegans are. Photograph: McDonalds/ PA

Stem cell meat is one big hope for the future, allowing meat to be flourished and produced in the lab, rather than the abattoir. But are they vegetarian safe? If an individual burger is proliferated from a knot of stem cells, then no swine has been harmed in its product. But if those stem cells had initially taken from a slaughtered animal, is it still ethically wrong? Yes, to begin with, but what if its the same stem cadre strand being used 20 year later, thwarting other swine from being used? Is it was better bad then?

Maybe well finish up working out how to recycle food with great economy. Opened that we can now 3D-print human material, its not extremely far-fetched to predict a age when we can easily book nutrient. Reckon a technological method where you move wasted or unwanted nutrient in one result, its broken down into its constituent molecules( fats, proteins, sugars ), these are fed into a printer join specific ink from dedicated cartridges, and theyre reassembled as fresh, recognisable foodstuffs. That would be very helpful , no doubt.

But what if you moved a consignment of half-eaten burgers in one tip and used their mass to cause veggies? Would they be safe for vegans to devour? It might not look like it, but the original meat thing is completely broken down and reassembled, exactly as it would be if you introduce the burgers in a compost pile and used them to grow tomatoes. That considered acceptable, why not this? Its only a faster, more technical form of the natural process that keep us. Maybe a more environmentally friendly one? You just know parties will object though, because thats what we do.

There arent any obvious solutions to any of this, its exactly interesting to see that, when you apply detailed scientific analysis, the segment between vegetarianism and non-vegetarianism is a lot more blurry than youd expect. Its the same with race.

However, if in 10 years youre sitting down to a chest of Jellyfish nuggets, dont say I didnt warn you.

Dean Burnett repents sitting down to write this so close to midday. Hes on Twitter, @garwboy

Read more: http :// www.theguardian.com/ discipline/ brain-flapping/ 2016/ jan/ 18/ vegetarians-to-eat-jellyfish-food-environment

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How to cook the perfect pitta bread

This Middle Eastern staple is well worth the negligible great efforts to make at home

These barely leavened breads, known to us by their Israeli name, but common in all areas of the Arab world, are some of the most ancient in existence. Although flat in appearance, they are designed to puff up during broiling and then subside, creating a hollow interior that makes a handy storehouse for meets. Quick to represent, and easy to devour, its little meditate theyre popular, in various forms, from southern Europe to northward Africa , is not simply for substance, but likewise as utensils for dipping or scooping meat, and bulking out soups and salads.

Sealed in long-life packaging, pitta is also possible picked up at most supermarkets for mere pennies so why irritation to form your own? Because, unless youre lucky enough to be able to find them freshly broiled, shop-bought pitta is a very poor relation, just like pizza foundations, or indeed hummus. The real thing is soft and chewy, rather than tough, with a fluffy interior perfect for soaking up sauces theyre well worth the pretty minimal effort.

Yvonne
Yvonne Rupertis pitta bread. Image: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

The flour

Most pitta recipes call for lily-white flour, and generally of the high-protein, strong range, although Yvonne Ruperti on the US-based Serious Eats website implements plain flour, both lily-white and wholemeal, explaining that using 20% wholewheat flour[ makes] the dough much more flavourful and screwy than one stirred with simply all-purpose flour, while also not settlement its structure.

Pitta is a bread that depends on gluten development for its distinctive anatomy; without it, the dough will not be strong enough to puff up in the oven, furnishing a simple flatbread, rather than one with a pocket.( Pitta breads get their characteristic formation from a combination of hot and sweat. When the thin round of dough goes into the oven, the heat places the top and foot while moving the liquid in the dough into steam, which is then trapped between these coatings of cooked dough, causing the eat to expand. Even though it is will rapidly collapse when removed from the heat, the pocket inside remains intact .)

Pitta
Pitta food by Belinda Harley. Photo: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

Most of Rupertis doughs do rise( and descend ), but I find the dough necessitates more initial kneading, and that the outcome need the chewiness of some of the others. Belatedly, I realise that the American all-purpose flour she refers to tends to be harder than our own, so discrepancies between strong and plain flour over there will be less marked. In all such cases, British readers are best advised to splash out on bread flour.

The flavour and slightly nubbly texture that the wholemeal flour yields the breads is popular with testers, although as Ruperti notes, this doesnt grow gluten as readily as its lily-white counterpart, so its better used in moderation. Strong wholemeal is paragon, but in such small amounts, plateau will likewise do if thats what you have to side. If “youd prefer” a smoother, paler pitta, change the wholewheat with more white-hot flour.

The fat

The
The Herbet brethren use rapeseed petroleum. Photograph: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

It is certainly possible to induce pitta without any fat at all, although why you would want to is beyond me; not only does it lend flavour, but it keeps the eat fresher for longer. Tom and Henry Herbert use rapeseed lubricant in their volume The Fabulous Baker Brothers, and Belinda Harleys Roast Lamb in the Olive Groves disappears for butter instead, both of which wield just fine texturally, but the former passes the bread a rich flavor that throws me more in sentiment of naan, while the latter is boringly neutral. Grassy and quintessentially Mediterranean, olive is like the natural choice.

Sarit Packer and Itamar Srulovichs recipe in the Honey& Co cookbook, which several people recommend to me as the only one I should try, includes the fat toward the end of the kneading process. Although their pittas are luscious, its emphatically harder to incorporate the petroleum at this stage, and I would be interested to know the reason behind it; some experiment been shown that not contributing it at the beginning inspires gluten pattern in the dough. If anyone can confirm this, I would be grateful, but I dont find it makes a significant difference, so Im going to stick with the easier method.

Seasoning

You dont have to look very far to find recipes for flavoured pitta( garlic and thyme, for example, or pitch-black onion seed ), but I dont remember these little foods necessity any help in that district. That said, its common to add sugar to kickstart the action of the yeast, and although a pinch is insufficient, having the same amount as salt establishes the foods a more well-rounded flavour: add too much, as Ruperti does, and they lose the plainness that is their manager dignity; add too little, or none at all as the Herberts do, and theyre a bit underwhelming.

A
A enormous smoke pitta from Sarit Packer and Itamar Srulovich. Photo: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

The method

Pitta dough must be sufficiently hydrated to generate steam when it matches the heat of the oven, and strong enough to catch this steam, and thus puff up, so the potpourrus must be both somewhat soggy and well-kneaded. Dont be persuasion to flour the handiwork surface unless the dough is so sticky as to be completely unmanageable; it will come together eventually and, in the meantime, a palette spear or dough scraper will reach life easier. If you have a food mixer, then by all means use that; excavations currently on the blink.

Packer and Srulovich recommend resting the dough overnight if you have the time, as it helps the flavor develop and obligates the pitta fluffier, and theyre right; if homemade pittas are perceptibly more yummy than shop-bought ones, slow-risen ones are even better.

Even if you cant wait that long, do let private individuals bread residue before shaping; merely 10 hours shapes the relevant procedures much easier. The Herberts recommend rolling it out in one tack merely, but this is another fiddly step I cant penetrate the think behind as with the petroleum, if someone knows why, please explain.

However you roll them out, make sure they find themselves thin enough to puff up in the short time they take to concoct, and evenly so, too, or they will blister in places, rather than blowing up like a bag. Ruperti, who detected a predilection for the pitta to end up with a much thinner crest than underside after it comes out of the oven, suggests flipping the doughs over before putting them in the oven, so the pocket of air that rises during the final proofing theatre is at the bottom when the dough recruits the oven.

Pan-fried
Pan-fried pitta dough by Rebecca Seal. Photograph: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

The cooking

Like most doughs, pittas are traditionally roasted at temperatures that can be difficult to replicate at home. Packer and Srulovich advise cranking your oven up to maximum, on the fan preparing if possible, and heating a baking tray or stone along with it, to give the breads the hottest start possible and encourage the creation of steam.

Although the oven is certainly the best cooking alternative for pitta, as the heat from both top and bottom helps to set the dough quickly, its not the only one; Rebecca Seals volume The Islands of Greece yields an excellent recipe applying a frying pan. Harley too employs this method, which she recommends topping with a thick-skulled tomato sauce and crisp chocolate-brown cubes of pork or lamb, a spoonful of thick-skulled tzatziki[ and] some raw onion and tomato( pitta porn notify ). The interior pockets are less reliable, but its much quicker if youre in a hurry, or its simply too hot to switch the oven on.

Ruperti proposes finishing off the bread in a red-hot wash to give them that delicious charred flavour that can be hard to achieve in a domestic oven Not exclusively do the pittas gaze a lot better that direction, but the charring adds a mantle of smoky flavour. Shes right, but it isnt traditional( Packer and Srulovich caution that they are not supposed to colour much) and it will crisp up the outsides of the foods, establishing them less pliable and amenable to stuffing. For me, it depends on what Ill be feeing them with. Plainer occupies, such as hummus or salad, cry out for a bit char, while barbecued meats or veggies dont needed here. The jury is out on my current favourite occupy, nonetheless: Marmite and banana. In my defence, Ive had an awful batch of pitta to put away this week.

Perfect
Perfect pitta bread by Felicity Cloake. Photo: Felicity Cloake for the Guardian

( moves 10 )
400ml warm but not hot water
10g active dehydrated yeast
2 tsp sugar
400g strong white flour
100g wholemeal flour( optional, or use 500 g grey)
2 tsp salt
2 tbsp olive oil, plus additional to grease

Put 100 ml warm sea in a jug and scoot in the yeast and half the carbohydrate. Leave until the surface is contained in froth. Meanwhile, compound the flours, persisting sugar and salt in a large desegregating container.

Mix the petroleum and yeasty sea in the flour with your fingertips, then include just enough of the remaining sea to give you a shaggy lettuce it should be soft, but not too sticky( memo if youre utilizing all white flour, it probably wont requirement as much as a wholemeal/ white concoction ). Turn out on to a clean operate surface and knead for about 10 times( or about 8 in a food mixer on a low-toned hasten) until smooth and elastic. Set into an oiled container, turn to coat in petroleum, then spread and refrigerate overnight, or leave somewhere warmish until doubled in size( about an hour to an hour and a half ).

Heat the oven to maximum, preferably devotee, with a cooking stone or heavy baking tray in there. Meanwhile, divide the dough into approximately 80 g pellets, envelop with a damp tea towel and allow to rest for 10 times, then roll out on a floured skin-deep to rounds about 0.5 mm thick, building sure they are evenly thick all over. Cover with a damp tea towel and leave for 20 minutes.

Operating as rapidly as possible, set as numerous pitta as will comfortably fit on the hot stone or baking tray while its still in the oven, flipping them over as you pick them up, so the side resting on the job surface is now on top. Cook until they balloon, then carefully remove and keep warm in a tea towel while you cook the remain( how long this takes is dependent on how hot your oven get ). Make sure to keep the oven door shut as far as possible to keep hot. Eat the same day, or freeze.

Pitta, pide, khubz which form of this very versatile flatbread is your favourite, and how do you like to eat it? And has anyone had any success cooking it with other flours ?

Read more: https :// www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/ wordofmouth/ 2016/ jul/ 13/ how-to-cook-the-perfect-pitta-bread

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Nigel Slaters oyster sauce chicken with citrus mint salad recipe

On a chilly nighttime good-for-nothing heateds you up like blisteringly hot Chinese-style chicken, served with a cooling back of herby salad, says Nigel Slater

There was a bit of a commotion of aniseed, soy and ginger-scented fix in the kitchen last week, as there often is when I have had one of my irregular trip-ups to Chinatown. These are the trip-ups where I return home with armfuls of bottles and containers, mainly red.

I precisely required, virtually prayed, the smell of oyster sauce to warm up a kitchen changed ice-cold by a dodgy thermostat. Leafy commons, bok choy and mustard dark-greens are regularly steamed and threshed with thick-witted, glossy oyster sauce at home, but flesh and fish rather less so.

I threshed paunch, free-range chicken thighs with crushed garlic, sugar, chilli and oyster sauce and cooked them on a freeze night when merely something blisteringly, eye-wateringly hot would hit the spot. It wasnt something that could bask under the label of authenticity it was just what I needed at that moment. The chicken rose lustrous, gently crispy and very hot. It sizzled as we ingest, becoming our cheeks tingle. We gave the burn out with a sour citrus salad.

There was a big pudding, extremely, the sort of roasted butterscotch sponge occasion, with ointment, butter and sugar, that only ever comes out in the very depths of winter. Disaster cooking for the cold and hungry.

Oyster sauce chicken with citrus batch salad

Check the chicken regularly, crossing it with foil if it is browning too much.

Serves 3
chicken thighs 6

For the marinade:
garlic 3 huge cloves
onion 1, medium sized
oyster sauce 100 ml
light soy sauce 4 tbsp
honey 3 tbsp
chilli sauce 3 tbsp

For the salad:
fish sauce 2 tsp
caster carbohydrate 1 tbsp
lime juice 2 tbsp
plenty leaves 10
coriander leaves a large handful
chilli 1, medium-sized
pink grapefruit 1
cashews 2 handful, cooked and salted

To form the marinade peel the garlic then suppresses the cloves to a adhesive applying a pestle and mortar and a pinch of salt. Make the paste into a large desegregating bowl. Peel the onion, cut it in half and chopper it very finely. Compound with the garlic.

Put the oyster and soy sauces, the honey and the chilli sauce into the mixing container and incite thoroughly. Push the chicken pieces into the marinade, alter them over and leave in a cool region for an hour or two.

Set the oven at 180 C/ gas mark 4. Place the chicken pieces into a nonstick roasting tin, spoon over half the marinade and home in the preheated oven. Roast for 45 minutes, basting once or twice with the remaining marinade, and regularly checking their change. Cover the roasting tin with foil if necessary.

To form the salad, combine the fisheries sector sauce, caster carbohydrate and lime juice in a small container. Roughly chop or tear the mint buds and add to the container, together with the coriander leaves. Finely chop the chilli and add to the dressing.

Slice the ends from the grapefruit, plaza it flat on the chopping board then slice away the peel and white pith a sharp-worded kitchen bayonet. Remove the some part of tissue from the surface. Introduce the grapefruit into the clothing and leave for 10 instants before lending the cashew nuts and serving.

Cranberry pudding with butterscotch sauce

Fruits
Fruits of labour: cranberry pudding with butterscotch sauce. Photo: Jonathan Lovekin for the Observer

Once out of the oven, leave the dessert for a few minutes to settle. And, despite the butterscotch sauce, Id be seduced to give ointment, too.

You will also need a deep baking food or pudding bowl calibrating roughly 18 cm x 15 cm.

Serves 4-6
dehydrated apricots 180 g
cranberries 50 g, fresh or frozen
boiling liquid 200 ml
butter 100 g
illuminated muscovado carbohydrate 100 g
egg 1
plain flour 150 g
roasting gunpowder 1.5 tsp

For the sauce:
light muscovado carbohydrate 100 g
double ointment 125 ml
butter 70 g
maple syrup 1 tbsp
cranberries 100 g, fresh or frozen

Cut the apricots into small-scale slice and apply them in a heatproof desegregating container. Lend the 50 g of cranberries and pour the boil ocean over. Set aside while you build the pudding.

Butter the pudding container with a small grip of butter. Filter together the flour and roasting pulverization. Throw the rest of the butter into the bowl of a food mixer fitted with a flat beater. Lend the sugar and outdo for 4-5 minutes till soft, pallid and creamy, sometimes scraping down the sides of the bowl with a rubber spatula.

Make the sauce by putting the sugar, ointment, butter and maple syrup in a saucepan and creating to the steam. Tell it simmer for 2 minutes, approximately chop the 100 g of cranberries( if using frozen fruit, this is easier in a food processor) then add to the sauce.

Break the egg into a container, outstrip lightly, just enough to mix grey and yolk, then contribute, with the beater still turning, to the butter and sugar.

When the egg is fully incorporated, whisk in the flour and broiling powder smorgasbord, making gradually until there is no visible find of flour left. Fold in the apricots and cranberries, and the sea they are in. Convey the motley to the buttered bowl, smooth the surface delicately then cook for 30 instants until pale golden and lightly conglomerate. Remove from the oven, pour over half of the cranberry butterscotch sauce and return to the oven for a further 10 minutes. Serve red-hot along with the remaining sauce.

Email Nigel at nigel.slater @observer. co.uk or follow him on Twitter @NigelSlater

Read more: https :// www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/ 2017/ feb/ 26/ nigel-slater-oyster-sauce-chicken-with-citrus-mint-salad

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Is it okay for vegetarians to eat jellyfish? Dean Burnett

Dean Burnett: Would you be willing to eat a jellyfish? Even if youre vegetarian, you might want to consider it.

Would you ingest a jellyfish? The most probably react would be no; they seem outraging. And theyre probably poisonous. Shall I cleanse it down with a neat glass of chilled urine? But, inevitably, some people do eat them. They might even experience them, the maniacs.

But Cnidaria cookery procedures aside, consider this; would it be OK for a vegetarian to ingest jellyfish? If not, why not?

A lot of parties are adopting a vegan nutrition this January, and more power to them. Their motivations may differ( for kindnes, for the health benefits etc .) but its still a big wrench, to remove a enormous swathe of select from your daily diet.

To clarify, Im not vegan myself, or vegetarian. I do like meat, and I simply paucity the willpower to cut myself off from it altogether. As a make, I have a lot of respect for those who do succeed it. But as anyone whos discovered the term Im a vegetarian, except for fish will have realised, there are different levels of commitment to vegetarianism, and beings contradict wildly on what they debate acceptable or not.

Part of this is likely to stem from the differing motivatings for being vegetarian/ vegan in the first place. Some do it for religious grounds, so what you feed is determined by your holy verse or scripture etc. Restrictive perhaps, but at least you know where you countenance. Other parties plainly dont like flesh, or are intolerant to it or other animal products , so only avoid them altogether. In this case, its your immune system that specifies your diet.

There are also clanged environmental rationales. While there are concerns over the environmental impacts of popular vegetarian-friendly elements like palm petroleum, the environmental cost of meat creation is undeniable, and careening.

HoneyMandatory Credit: Photo by Richard Bowler/ REX Shutterstock( 4681850 a) Honey bees leaving and participating a beehive Honey bees at beehive near Corwen, North Wales – 18 Apr 2015 Wildlife photographer Richard Bowler captured these fascinating images of honey bees in a hive near Corwen, North Wales on Saturday( 18 April ). He says: I photographed these when a acquaintance cross-examine his hive. I ceased up with five stings to the head for my disturbance, LOL! animalgallery” src= “https :// i.guim.co.uk/ img/ media/ 4173391 c767f5f36e8a8fa8e72299dd522398d0f/ 108 _0_ 4355 _2 613/ ruler/ 4355. jpg? w= 300& q= 85& auto= format& sharp= 10& s= e33431d87a7441c59ca0949390cace58” />

Vegetarianism gets a bit perplexing once you get insects implied. Picture: Richard Bowler/ REX Shutterstock

But many parties adopt vegetarianism/ veganism for moral and ethical grounds, which is fair enough. Objecting to animals being killed or abiding for our food is a perfectly logical stance. But when you get down to the actual scientific minutiae of what these circumstances entail, then it starts to get flustering.

This introduces us back to the jellyfish question; would it be safe for a vegetarian to eat one? If youre vegetarian for environmental rationales, it may even be better to feed jellyfish, contributed how abundant they are without any is necessary to harmful human gardening. But what about ethical concerns? While technically classed as animals, they find themselves devoid of any intelligence or nervous system, and most cant even restrain where they move. Everything we are all familiar with neuroscience hints such a person would be totally incapable of recognizing anything as complex as sustain or inconvenience, and it surely wouldnt be able to experience any psychological reaction to such its own experience. So by chewing one , no bear can be said to have arisen. It may still be a animate thing, but then so is a carrot. Why is one OK to snack and not the other?

The ability to perceive and express ache and suffering does seem to be a big factor in whether a species is saw a valid part of ones diet. A most interesting argument can be found on Richard Herrings excellent Leicester Square Theatre Podcast with comedian and vegan Michael Legge, about whether honey is vegan. Legge insists that it isnt because its a substance make use of swine, which is a perfectly logical( and coherent) debate. Nonetheless, you can also receive why some might think its OK. Removing sugar from a hive generally does no harm to the bees, apart from maybe annoying them. Bees are another baffling one. They shape honey regardless, its not something humans force them to do, and they make way too much so us taking some isnt damaging.

Insects and vegetarianism have complex rapports. Numerous argue that vegetarians should eat insects, for environmental and ethical intellects. Insects are incredibly easy to render and contain ample nutrients, and bugs too arent cognitively complex sufficient to process events like standing and anxiety. Nonetheless, thats individual insects. Species like the above-mentioned bees organize huge settlements, and many consider these superorganisms the true manifestations of insect knowledge. So is it ethically wrong to harm these? I cant tell you that.

Insects, jellyfish and other species perhaps seem fair game to many due to a simple failure of rapport. Big, furry or fluffy people we are in a position be attributed to, ugly or different ones make it difficult, so concern for their wellbeing isnt commonly shared, unfortunately.

This sort of dilemma, regarding whats ethically acceptable to eat, are unlikely get most complex as food production technology advances to meet demands. Already, humans are too widespread for modern methods to be 100% animal friendly( modern gleaning techniques unavoidably kill or dislocate many individuals while picking vegetable cultivates) and our species will need increasing volumes of meat as day passes. Technology will hopefully provide solutions to this, but too muddy the waters further.

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Could engineering end up used to produce vegan-friendly burger? Depends on how friendly the vegans are. Photograph: McDonalds/ PA

Stem cell meat is one big hope for the future, allowing meat to be germinated and produced in the lab, rather than the abattoir. But are they vegetarian safe? If private individuals burger is germinated from a gob of stem cells, then no animal has been harmed in its yield. But if those stem cells had initially taken from a slaughtered animal, is it still ethically incorrect? Yes, embarking upon, but what if its the same stem cadre front being used 20 year later, preventing other swine from being used? Is it still bad then?

Maybe well finish up working out how to recycle food with great efficiency. Committed that we can now 3D-print human tissue, its not too far-fetched to predict a meter when we can easily magazine nutrient. See a technological plan whatever it is you move wasted or unwanted food in one dissolve, its broken down into its ingredient molecules( fats, proteins, sugars ), these are fed into a printer join specific ink from dedicated cartridges, and theyre reassembled as fresh, recognisable foods. That would be very helpful , no doubt.

But what if you spouted a load of half-eaten burgers in one purpose and used their mass to render veggies? Would they be safe for vegans to eat? It might not look like it, but the original flesh problem is completely broken down and reassembled, exactly as it would be if you give the burgers in a compost pile and used them to germinate tomatoes. That considered acceptable, why not this? Its exactly a faster, more technological form of the natural process that preserve us. Maybe a more environmentally friendly one? You just know people will object though, because thats what we do.

There arent any obvious solutions to any of this, its precisely interesting to note that, when you apply detailed scientific analysis, the partition between vegetarianism and non-vegetarianism is a lot more blurry than youd expect. Its the same with hasten.

However, if in 10 years youre sitting down to a carton of Jellyfish pieces, dont say I didnt warn you.

Dean Burnett regrets sitting down to write this so close to midday. Hes on Twitter, @garwboy

Read more: http :// www.theguardian.com/ discipline/ brain-flapping/ 2016/ jan/ 18/ vegetarians-to-eat-jellyfish-food-environment

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Rachel Roddys Roman rice and spinach cake recipe | Kitchen Sink Tales

This weeks recipe can be made from scratch or, true to Roman resourcefulness with what remains, could throw leftovers to toil. Either lane, it celebrates the seasons reward of lively spinach and is perfect with a Sicilian orange and fennel salad

Big dances of spinach ever catch my gaze on the uncommon reasons I go in one of the smarter of Testaccios food shops. This is ridiculous considering the cabinets of cheese and entire walls of cured meat that could be taking my notice. However, the luminous light-green, cricket-ball sized globes of blanched spinach that sit on a lily-white tray at the front of the ready-prepared nutrient segment are the things I find myself looking at again and again. My train of thought is always the same. They are 14 euros each! Who buys these dances? Obligating my own at home, I have found there must be a kilo of( hardy) spinach in each one. At the moment spinach is 2. 50 a kilo at the market, so there is serious profit in these balls.

Good spinach should be lively, it is appropriate to crunch and squeak as you stuff it into the purse writes Jane Grigson. I envisage she would have approved of my farming fresh fruits and veg soldier Filippo on Testaccio market. His spinach should still be battled into the bag, and then ricochets against my leg the whole way dwelling. She would also, I repute, have approved of the go bagful I bought on the Uxbridge Road yesterday, which is now sitting in a colander in my sisters kitchen in London. I experience this parity of ingredients in my two countries. I like hardy winter spinach motleys, with their crumpled foliages, ribbed stems with pink tips, gazing robust, hitherto at the same epoch dessert and tender.

Introduced to Italy by the Arabs in the 11 th century, the spinach swell near Rome is excellent. Generally, it is simply provided, shrivelled, well-drained and dressed with olive oil and a spritz of lemon. Another good Roman way is strascinata dragged in olive oil and garlic, sometimes with raisins and yearn seeds. All that said, butter is what I implore with spinach a lot, thinking of a Jane Grigson recipe in which spinach is shrivelled, then reheated several times, lending more butter each time, until it is the richest stuff, a spoonful of which knocks the socks off creamed spinach. Butter is also key on food under spinach and hollandaise, or defrosted on those pesky-to-poach, but good spinach and ricotta dumplings that Tuscans call gnudi .

Todays recipe though, is for none of the above , nor is it the spinach curry I am looking forward to eating while I am in London. It is a spinach and rice cake, which firstly came about for me because of spinach and rice leftovers. Or as an Italian would say the avanzi di spinaci e riso avanzi intend what remains, but also something advantageous, which is the way Italians insure leftovers. Of route Italy isnt alone or special in having resourceful recipes for using leftovers: its a feature in conventional home cooking in all countries. But Italy is where I know, and where recipes for leftovers certainly continuing to be regulate, helping cooking feel like a continuum, one food and meal rolling into the next rather than a series of isolated occasions.

Whether realise with advantageous leftovers, or cooked from scratch, this is surprisingly yummy and good plan; savoury and pleasingly plump. It is all very straightforward rice and spinach mixed with its friends: butter, nutmeg, parmesan and eggs, pressed into a tin then roasted. The tin helps create a crusty foot. It is good provided red-hot, heated or at room temperature. Spinach and orange are good companions, so my Sicilian orange and fennel salad, which I roll out wherever possible, is my choice of accompaniment here. Otherwise there is the exceedingly affable peperonata. Your suggestions are welcome. If you do prepare the spinach for this, maybe cook more than you need and shape your spinach advantage into a ball.

Spinach and rice cake torta di spinaci e riso

I am not going to assume you all have leftover spinach and rice, so here is the recipe from scratch, which should also help you get a handle on sums so when you do have leftovers you can do it by eye.

Rachel

Rachel Roddys spinach and rice patties Photograph: Rachel Roddy for the Guardian

Dishes 46
500g fresh spinach
250g Italian short cereal risotto rice( such as arborio or carnaroli)
Salt and black pepper
A tiny onion
20g butter, plus more for the dish
3 eggs, beaten
50g parmesan
Nutmeg
A handful of fine breadcrumbs

1 Pick over the spinach, discarding discoloured foliages and tough stubbles, then bathe in a couple of changes of cold water. Substance the wet spinach into a large pan with no additional ocean and cook, embraced over a low-toned heat until it withers. Tip-off it into a colander and then leave to exhaustion thoroughly.

2 Boil the rice in salted liquid for 10 hours, then drain.

3 Peel and finely dice the onion. In a large sauteing or saute wash, fry the onion in the butter with a small pinch of salt until soft and golden. Use scissors to approximately chop the spinach and then add to the frying pan along with the rice.

4 Pull the pan from the kindle, allow to cool a little before adding the thump eggs, parmesan, nutmeg, black pepper and a pinch of salt if necessary.

5 Butter and dust a patty tin or mould with fine breadcrumbs. Tip the potpourrus into the mould and then press flat with the back of a spoon. Bake at 200 C/ 400 F/ gas mark 6 for 25 minutes or until the patty is create conglomerate, a little crispy and golden. Give to sit for five minutes before returning out, or acting straight-out from the tin in wedges. Likewise very good at area temperature.

Read more: http :// www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/ 2016/ jan/ 26/ italian-spinach-rice-cake-recipe-torta-di-spinaci-e-riso-rachel-roddy